The core distinction lies in the medium of communication. One converts spoken language in real-time, bridging communication gaps in live settings such as conferences, meetings, or legal proceedings. For example, an individual facilitating a discussion between an English speaker and a Spanish speaker is performing this task. The other transforms written text from one language to another, ensuring accuracy and cultural appropriateness in documents, books, and websites.
The ability to effectively convey meaning across linguistic boundaries is paramount in a globalized world. Accurate communication fosters understanding, avoids misunderstandings, and facilitates international collaboration in diverse fields. Historically, these skills have been vital for diplomacy, trade, and the exchange of knowledge between cultures, playing a pivotal role in shaping global events and societal progress.