Formal equivalence, often termed literal translation, prioritizes maintaining the exact wording and grammatical structure of the original biblical text in the target language. This approach seeks to replicate the source text as closely as possible, even if it results in phrasing that might sound unnatural or less idiomatic in the receptor language. For example, a rendering might retain the original word order or use a direct equivalent for each Hebrew or Greek word, striving for maximal transparency to the source.
The perceived accuracy and preservation of theological nuances are significant advantages of this translation philosophy. Proponents suggest it minimizes interpretive bias by the translator and provides readers direct access to the original meaning. Historically, such translations have been favored by groups emphasizing textual authority and meticulous study of Scripture. Maintaining consistency with the original language offers a strong foundation for in-depth exegesis and theological construction.
