One approach focuses on pre-selected groups of metabolites, often chosen due to their involvement in specific metabolic pathways. This method provides precise, quantitative data on these compounds, using specific analytical standards for identification and measurement. Alternatively, a broader approach aims to detect and quantify as many metabolites as possible within a sample, regardless of prior knowledge about their presence or function. This method offers a more comprehensive view of the metabolome and allows for the discovery of novel biomarkers or metabolic pathways.
Distinguishing between these analytical approaches offers significant advantages in various research areas, including disease diagnostics, drug discovery, and systems biology. The choice between a focused or comprehensive analysis depends on the research question. Precise quantification of known biomarkers helps monitor disease progression or treatment efficacy. Discovery-based analysis, however, provides a global overview, potentially uncovering unknown metabolic changes associated with disease or treatment. The evolution of analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, has driven advances in both approaches, enabling deeper explorations of the metabolome and its intricate connections to biological processes.
